This is an article by Susan Raffo that gives us a peak into the origins of osteophathy. https://www.susanraffo.com/blog/aligning-the-relational-field-a-love-story-about-retelling-the-creation-of-craniosacral-therapy-and-a-lot-of-other-touch-based-bodywork-as-well

Coles notes: Andrew Still lived on Shawnee land and their practice of bonesetting profoundly impacted his work.

From wikipeda on Joseph H. Pilates:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Pilates

Jospeh Pilates was born 9 December 1883 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, who was born in Greece, was a metal worker and enthusiastic gymnast, and his German-born mother was a housewife.[1] [2]

Pilates was a sickly child. He suffered from asthma, rickets, and rheumatic fever, and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. He was introduced by his father to gymnastics and body-building, and to martial arts like jiu-jitsu and boxing.[3]

There is a few things that are really important to decode:

1) Orientalism was everywhere in the 1800-1900s and many practices of the East that had to interoception arrived on Western shores, which gave Europeans access to an approach to the body that had almost gone extinct or completely atrophied in Europe during the prior centuries

2) The myth of the individual white creator as central really needs to be challenged. Practices are born in communities. When I read the bios of Alexander and Todd the origins of ideas are entirely unconvincing as individual discoveries and if you see the example of Andrew Still, the truth that comes out seem to make so much more sense than the myth. So just invite a bit of scope there.